Optical elements are components used in optical systems to manipulate light in various ways, such as focusing, reflecting, or diffusing. These elements include lenses, mirrors, prisms, filters, and beamsplitters, among others. They play a crucial role in a wide range of applications, including cameras, telescopes, microscopes, and laser systems. Optical elements are designed and manufactured with precision to control the behavior of light and improve the performance of optical systems. Researchers in this field focus on developing new materials, designs, and manufacturing techniques to enhance the functionality and efficiency of optical elements.